Evidence Based Essay Example for Free

Evidence Based Essay education in the twenty first century has become a major ch on the whole in allenge for everyone involved with education. Not only do teachers have to worry about test scores and how to contend the multitude of differences when it comes to students. But, also making sure they have adequate documentation to support all the differences and education they argon supplying. When adding the documentation and strategies to special education students it becomes all the same more difficult. However, using strategies that align with viridity Core can easily engage and participate those that ar special education students and have them become successful. in a flash that our coun evidence has moved more and more towards super acid Core instruction it is important that teachers do non lose those that are struggling to learn. Adding the toughness and cogency of Common Core easily complicates this situation. As teachers we rent to learn to adapt to the changing c urriculum and engage our students in a way that they can pipe down learn through the Common Core instruction. One way to do this is through using a variety of assessments. Variety of assessments allows teachers free range how to assess their children based on their learning styles. This can be done by using either formative or informative assessments. Formative assessments is a figure out affaird by teachers and students during instruction that provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students achievement of intended instructional outcomes (Dodge,2012). When we use formative assessments it is allowing us to mold exactly the areas of need/improvement, as well as the areas of strength. This is wonderful because it allows teachers the opportunity to then re-teach students based off their areas of need.When we are teaching math it is important that we try to keep the lessons as actively engaging as possible. Math tends to be a Brobdingnagian struggle for many special education students. The more Common Core is pushed on students the more they feel as though they might not have the capacity to learn. Therefore, using an interrogation and student learning regulate can benefit those who struggle with math. The inquiry and student learning model is where the teaching is put back on the students in the role of hands-on inquiry (Hertz, 2013). The teacher does the modeling and the students then do the knead with each other and explain the process. This very allows the teacher ample time to observe and go work with students and grab data that might not be possible. While this is happening, the children are actually having fun and they are learning Another way to engage children with Common Core is during reading and language arts instruction.Teaching children to read is the foundation for educational success. In order to get kids employed in learning we need to rile it fun and have the students go for value in what they are doing. Reading is a wonderful subject, when done decently, the teacher can really make it fun. Having students go through a topic or core for the day and then focusing differentiated hands-on centers will really allow the students to use what they are learning more effectively. Instead of students reading in a theme and then doing worksheets, they are actually putting letters together using letter cubes or play doh. Taking the concept they just learned about and making it into their own writing story. These are activities that children love and remain engaged in and what classrooms should be doing. Another way to ensure learning is taking place for all students is making sure that the space is free of any synthetic rubber concerns for those who have physical or health limitations.Physically handicapped students are aware of the fact that they are physically different that most others and that there are certain things they cannot do (Watson 2011). Therefore, it is up to the teachers to s et a positive image from the beginning. This will limit the amount of talking and self-esteem crushing that can take place in the classroom. It is also important for the teacher to set up the room before any children come in, so the environment is already positively set. Making sure that the room and areas are de-cluttered, and there is a defined area for a wheelchair to get through can make a big difference in how a physically challenged student feels. It is also important to let all involved with the disable student, what the plans are in case of emergencies, such as fire drills or a lock-downsituation. Teachers need to do their jobs to ensure the safety of all students disabled or not. Students that enter a classroom and are physically disabled, usually have some fine or gross motor skill issues.These issues can be worked on through an occupational therapist, simply also need to be reinforced when the occupational therapist is not in the room. When it comes to cutting or using a scissors the teacher should take care out if the student benefits from a hand over hand assist or the use of a specialized scissors to complete the task. Knowing how ill the students handwriting is effected is also a very important thing to note. If the student has extremely poor motor skills and writing is not an option, then the teacher needs to look into getting a communication device that will do the typing and written work for the student. It is also in effect(p) to know how much self-help the child needs. Does the child need help going to the bathroom and washing their hands, or zipping up a coat? These are all questions that can decline the amount of frustration on a teacher before the student is even in the classroom.Using all of these strategies can really help and cut down on any behavioral issues that can arise when a student becomes frustrated and overwhelmed by the amount they are not able to do. Since physically handicapped children have many issues to sort out, it might become overwhelming for them and they might not be able to socialize correctly or discuss how they are feeling. When this happens they need the support and strategies to help them work through their feelings. Teachers might have the students engage in a social skills group with only four or five other students. The one leading the group can focus on different social issues such as embarrassment, bullying, feeling left out. Even if the disabled child is unable to talk, they can bring their assistive technology to help them participate. Role-playing can also be a huge positive for everyone.Many times children do not know and understand what it is like to be physically handicapped and not have the ability to run and play soccer. So, when the shoe is on the other foot in a role-playing mode the students can then begin to see how much the disabled child is affected. Social skill interventions start with accurate diagnosis and continue by allowing students to practice positive so cial interactions in a step-by-step, decision-by-decision fashion (Beelmann, Pfingsten, Losel, 1994). Teaching children is an art form. It is something that cannot be explained and trulyunderstood until others have walked in those shoes. All teachers can do is hope that we are using strategies effectively and communicating accurately to reach the needs of all the students, whether they are disabled or not. By using strategies and accommodations we are opening the door of possibilities and one that will benefit all that are involved not just the ones who qualify for those strategies and accommodations.ReferencesBeelmann, A., Pfingsten, U., Losel, F. (1994). Effects of training social competence in children A meta-analysis of recent evaluation studies. Journal of clinical Child Psychology, 23(3), 260-271. Dodge, J (2012). Tips for using formative assessments to help you differentiate instruction and improve student achievement. Retrieved fromhttp//www.scholastic.com/teachers/article /what-are-formative-assessments-and-why-should-we-use-them Hertz, M (2013). Common Core Standard triad Grade Math Strategies. Retrieved from http//www.edutopia.org/blog/ccss-3rd-grade-math-strategies-mary-beth-hertz Watson, S (2011). Physically Handicapped Students. Retrieved from http//specialed.about.com/od/physicaldisabilities/a/physical.htm

Consulting Project Plan - Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

Consulting Project Plan Executive Summary EssayMy name is Lisa. I am a consultant from Hexi Consultation Firm. My expertise lies in interpersonal, training, and sales consultations. I was brought in by Mr. Joseph Wilson, your CEO, to investigate what he believed to be the company problem, diagnose it, and come up with a solution. First, I destiny to let each and everyone one know that I am here to help. I am here to help not only find bulge what has gone wrong but to help those who this is affecting come out of this with a better way of operating his/her department or duties, improve interpersonal relationships, insure everyone knows how to perform their job by providing him/her with the necessary material and training possible. Along the way, I want each person to who I interact with to nip free to question a statement, a recommendation, or a decision. We will be in this project together. I want everyone involved to understand this is your workplace, your central office a way from home, your livelihood. I am here to help improve the environment and conditions in which it operates. Upon completion of this project, I want everyone to feel that the changes made were fore the silk hat and made this company a better place to work. How we achieve that will be by* Creating a Communication Plan* Scheduling and conducting meeting for areas where research and change are involved.* Organize and Conduct a Feedback Meetings* Corporate and Regional* Beginning to End of Project* Devise an Implementation PlanI go to forward to the opportunity to work alongside of everyone involved.

Analysing The Effect Of Mobile Phones

Analysing The Effect Of lively PhonesMobile tele tele conduct erects has always been one of the about important and great devices of all periods. Martin cooper, the cell yells inventor has changed the human beings in both positive and negative sides in different life matters. The center of Mobile phones has r severallyed e truly(prenominal) hit person in the universe, Professors and doctors knew that there get out be a spacious change in the societies afterward this great invention however, they never expected that unsettled phone depart set out a new world with a lot of new advantages but alike some disadvantages. Nowadays, Mobile phones atomic number 18 affecting the infrastructure of this world or Students in separate words in all life matters, Mobile phones became a big part of scholarly persons life. As they ar considered one of the society categories, you should expect that the effect of the erratic phones has melt downed an important part in their quot idian life. on that pointfore, they need it to elapse with each other in terms of their m whatever studies matters. Talking approximately how good or bad is the fluent phones reflection on students life, health and also results potentiometer open an endless discussions, full of different ideas and thoughts, Some top executive say yes quick phones has built a new wide vision for students and also their colleges and universities so e rattlingthing domiciliate be do way faster and easier than ahead for example, Students in old days when there was nonhing called a cell phone had to write everything wrote or shewed on the board ,while it is much easier and faster forthwith with bustling phones cameras, It would not stockpile more than five seconds to capture a clear detailed photo. Some say Wow how butt end peck stay without a Bluetooth in their cell phones? Yes, those who study that mobile phones is a big part of students life down another strong thick point that s upports their idea, photos and files can be delivered from a mobile phone to another or from a mobile phone to a pc in no eon So Students can sh atomic number 18 their notes, Lab pictures and images easily. In addition, Mobile phones provide a great way of talk, which is the most important advantage you can use. Students now became nigher to each other due to the amazing engineering science that mobile phones offer, It made things easier for students in many different study aspects, clashs argon now conducted with one single SMS also, they can reach their lecturers during their consolation hours even if the student was too busy to meet his/her lecturer. In case on emergency, Mobile phones can be very useful as they allow Students to deal with emergency cases for example, one stem member was late to an essential presentation, in this case the leader can rival him easily, or during a sport activity in the campus someone was badly injured so thus, his friends can call the amb ulance to avoid any Complications. Despite the huge amount of advantages, there has to be some disadvantages as well. Some people go against the fact that Mobile phones is a must in students life give that it has direct and indirect influences which may affect the students health and effort. For instance, the mobile waves can destroy our brain cells and cause disease like brain cancer. Besides, it can be addictive in a way that can drag the student not to pay attention in his class which may disturb other students in the class. Also, some students might use the phone camera in offensive matters that create tension among the students which will affect their out depute and productivity. In this discover we are spill to put a literature re captivate which will provide this report with rich information which and that will guide us to snap off results. One more important section will be the findings part, which will come before the conclusion to allow the readers to know our final vi ew after doing this report. Moreover, we are going to study the fact that mobile phones is very important for students for that, we are going to list the results that we came out with from our questionnaire. Least but not last, we will summarize the results and outcomes attached with some recommendations to provide a pause understanding for the readers, and also to cover all the advantages and disadvantages of the mobile phones to students that has been mentioned in all the report.Literature check outMobile phones and wireless technologies are a well known part in the lives of many teachers and students in Multimedia University today. This technology has provided us with a very fast and quick opening too many information and also not to forget that that with the help of these technologies we can talk to our friends by calling them or sending a text message or an Email. The world is going towards technologies and everyone is seeking towards what makes his life easier, for that rea son we see people caring mobile phones, because it gives them a quick way to communicate with each other. These devices which can fits in our pockets are very powerful tools because it provides us with a variety of information sources and it enables us to communicate almost anytime and everywhere. Seeking for communication and information is the main reason why students are employ mobile phones.This review provides us with the main reasons and effects of mobile phones to the students of Multimedia University. A recent study shows to what extend did mobile culture penetrate college classrooms, Fried (2008) had students complete a weekly survey, throughout a all in all semester, think to the ways they used laptop calculating machines and mobiles is a psychology contrast (n=128). The course was based on lectures with no laptop or mobile activities utilized in any organized fashion by the lecturer. About 64% of the students reported utilize their laptops and mobiles at least duri ng one class period. Those who used laptops used them, on average, about half of the class period. Users reported that about 50% of the time they used the laptops it was for non-academic activities. In other words, close to 25% of the lecture time was fagged by students, victimization their laptops to do other things then taking lecture notes. Similarly, in a large survey (n=1,162) conducted among American college students, one third of the students surveyed admitted using their laptops and cell phones playing games that were not part of the instructional activities during classes. at that place is a long tradition in cognitive science studies that demonstrate that human intellectual resources are limited and that there is a performance decrement under divided attention conditions (Roda Thomas, 2006 Gopher, 1993 Kahneman, 1973 Craik Lockhart, 1972 Posner, 1982). However, one might suggest that current students are digital natives, who are savvy and efficient multitaskers, thus their academic performance shouldnt necessarily be compromised by using laptops and mobiles during lectures. A study conducted by Hembrooke and Gay (2003) try to address such offers. The study took advantage of a project where all students were issued laptops. Students (n=44) were helter-skelter assigned, during a communication course class, to two experimental conditions an open laptop vs. a closed laptop. At the end of the class students took a recognition and recall quiz. The closed laptop condition outperformed the open laptop one. Moreover, students who used their laptops to attend to for lecture related materials did not do better than their friends who used the laptops for non-academic purposes. Fried (2008) reports similar results she found a negative cor relation between the amount of time students reported using their laptops during the psychology lectures throughout the semester and their final grade. Moreover, when asked, at the end of the course, what were the fac tors that might have interfered with their ability to learn lecture materials laptop use by fellow students was the single most reported distracter, followed by the interference caused by ones own laptop use. Hembrooke and Gays (2003) and Frieds (2008) studies suggest, therefore, that laptop multitaskers pay an academic price for their use to these technologies. The claim that laptops distract students and impair their academic performance refers to classrooms where laptop activity is not directly relevant to academic needs. Obviously, when laptop activities are pedagogically integrated into the course, for instance, when communication between students is required in a mesh-based collaborative activity laptops could provide enormous advantages. Under such circumstances there is evidence that laptop and mobile activities can increase engagement, active learning and meaningful interaction among students and between them and the instructor (e.g., Driver, 2002 Barak et al., 2006 Demb et al., 2004 Gay et al. 2001). Decrease in academic performance due to off-task multitasking refers, therefore, in the first place to non-structured use of laptops and mobiles during lectures.Resent study with the same interests from Holon Institute of Technology about the use of mobile appliances during lectures, Ronen Hammer (2010) Most of the students who own laptops (91%) reported that they use them during classes for activities that are not related to the lesson, while 25% said that they always do so. The distribution of the activities is presented in Table 1.It seems that instructors have a realistic and accurate apprehension of the activity carried out by students with the mobile devices during their lectures (Table 1). Students too believe that the instructors are usually aware of what they are doing with their computers (17% always, 77% sometimes).As to cell phones most of the student (93%) report that their cell phones are on quiet mode 6% leave them open and less than one percent completely shut imbibe This behavior might not be surprising when compared to their behavior when attending a public show (movie or theater) none would leave it open (not socially accepted) but only five percents would shut it down completely (fear of not being connected). Most students (83%) state that they try to hide their activity with the cell phone from the instructor. About half of the students (46%) state that they would answer calls that are not urgent and when doing so they leave the class (94%). Students state that they use their portable devices for other, non related activities when they are bored (portable computer 97%, cell phone 74%).Students and Instructors Views The main paradox surfaces from the data presented in Table 2. Students and instructors views on the harmful effects of using portable computers for other activities during lessons seem to be quite similar. Nevertheless, their attitude regarding the legitimacy of such action is very differen t.thither seems to be a clear relation between students age and their views on the issue of legitimacy of using portable devices during lectures for non-academic purposes. The correlation between views regarding legitimacy and age found for cell phones was significant (r=0.22, p=0.008) and for laptops marginal (r=0.145, p=0.058) while, as expected, both views were significantly correlated (r=0.3, p=0.004). Students opinions regarding the legitimacy of mobile devices usage during class was not found to be related to owning laptops.Another study from Health Libraries Group (2005) indicates that most mobile technology applications were occurring in the United States. At the time of the review the most prevalent mobile technologies were PDAs, laptops, WAP phones. A range of advantages and disadvantages to the technology were discovered. Mobile technologies were mainly being used for clinical rather than learning applications. The students showed a low level of awareness of the technolog y but placed great importance to accessing learning resources from the community.Many students embarking on a University course bring with them one or more mobile calculation devices, including smart phones, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) and laptop or tablet computers. The software on these devices is designed primarily to support the world of office work. Typical applications include time management, communication and productivity tools. Whilst these are of some use to students, they are not designed specifically to support their activities, such as attending lectures, reading course content, revising for exams and meeting course deadlines.As these handheld computers and smart phones become more widely used there is an opportunity to harness them to benefit learning, as well as to provide appropriate institutional support for their use. In the shift from mass teaching to support of personal learning, it is also the responsibility of educators to fasten that students have the relevant skills and environments to succeed as self-directed learners.Focusing on PDAs, the study described below has investigated whether students would find a handheld computer useful for supporting their learning, and in particular whether a specially designed, integrated learning organizer would be more suitable for supporting learning than the existing set of mobile office tools, such as a digital calendar, contacts list and to-do list.A Mobile Learning Organizer has been developed at the University of Birmingham (Holme Sharples, 2002) and was evaluated as part of this study. A group of seventeen MSc students at the University of Birmingham were loaned wireless PDAs. The department in which the students were studying has wireless coverage throughout its five news report building. In addition to running standard Pocket PC applications, the PDAs provided a Mobile Learning Organizer which comprises an integrated suite of tools forStudents to access course material, view their t imetables, communicate via email and instant messaging and organize ideas and notes. The tools were based on the Pocket Outlook Personal Information Manager (PIM), with a custom-designed interface to present the information in a form that matches the structure of student learning. For example, the calendar was presented as a series of teaching slots corresponding to the standard University timetable.The mobile phones play as an important device in these days, since is the mobile phones is very important we choose to do a research about this radical among the Multimedia opponent students. A method section is one of the important sections in our research report it is typically describe all the action taken by the group to do this research. This section should involve all the information about our research to allow for the other researcher to replicate our study among this topic. The main purpose of the full-page method section is to allow for the reader to understand what is the ma in point from the research and how we done with this research. Method section should describe the research participants, the materials that we used and the mapping taken by the group.ParticipantsCommunication technology is the most important things in the world. It is playing an important role in the life of people nowadays. It can make the life easier by allow the people to communicate with anyone in the world. It allows you to communicate with your family, friends, and other. In other world it can keep you in touch with each other in the world. Mobile phone is the one of the grea streamlet communication technology in the world. Mobile phone is an electronic device which is allows you to communicate with anyone in the world. Nowadays, mobile phone playing an important role in the life of people and people cannot live without it specially the teenager. The teenager used the mobile phone in the positive side and the negative side. However, the mobile phone is important for everyone specially the student. We have done a research on the importance of the mobile phone for the students. We have done this research to know how the mobile phone is importance for students nowadays specially the engineering students. Firstly, our research will be done on the faculty of engineering only in the Multimedia University. Secondly, our research will be done on 5% of the opponent student, that mean we randomly selected 200 students from the faculty of engineering from the all level no matter what is the gender of student and their nationality.MaterialIn this section of the report we are going to describe all the materials we were use it in our research. in that respect will be two types of data collecting which are primary coil data, and secondary data. In the primary data we collect our points based on our knowledge so that can we start our research. In the secondary data we will collect the data from books and from net websites. Moreover, we will come out with a questionn aire based on our search on books and lucre. In the questionnaire we will used a general question for the mobile phones, question regard the direction purpose can be used in the mobile phone and we use several questions such as yes/no question and strongly dis chink to strongly agree. After we design the questionnaire paper we were try on our group member who is 8 members, then we will distributes among the competitor student.ProcedureThis section is to show for the reader how the presses were. First of all, we do a meeting at the end of January 2010 to put done our idea about what is our topic for the research, after we choose a topic we started so search in the websites about any information or articles can help us in our research. At 5th February 2010 we wrote the proposal report which contains the mean information about out topic. After that, we come out with a questionnaire and distribute it among the students then we started dismantle the data we got from the questionnaire . Finally, we wrote our report for the research.Results and discussionthither are 96 % cannot live without mobile Im talking about myself I agree no one can live without Mobile, Because it is the authority of communication between people and no one can live alone You must be in touch with friends and family. There are some people use phones in the class Takes Video camera in the lesson, even if he returned home and want to study can review Lesson Video, recorded by the existing mobile, and also can be related to the family at anytime in order to ask about their Health is realistic that the student is in Problem cannot Solve it alone so It will contact a friend or family even help what would he do if it does not have the Mobile? And there are some students can not enter to the profits because they do not have a computer why do students in this problem I think they will use the phones in the entry to the internet some students love the music and not have Device mp3 or mp4 or.. so Put the music in Mobile And listen music at any time they like him And also there at the university joint work between the students and some students How will meet your friends If you do not have the Mobile. There are 4 % fag end live without a mobile are very few I think they do not have any association with any of the people or students And always in problem It is possible some of these Relaxes Because there is no Facing the problem of in their personal lives.There are 46.50 % agree that calls the best communication of mms and SMS and GPRS because it is faster and shorten the time and the cost is not expensive, but there is a problem if he wants to call friends or family worldwide It is very expensive. And there are 38.50 % agree that SMS the best communication of calls and mms and GPRS because it is its very cheap and Does not differentiate between whether you are sending to the outside or inside. If you sent the message to anyone and he is busy he can read it. There are 9.50 % agree that mms the best communication of calls and SMS and GPRS because it is cant send pictures and video only in this way which is not expensive nor cheap is it median(prenominal). All these means of communication are available in the mobile phones. And there are 5.50 % agree that GPRS this Ratio is very low so this property is not available in all mobile.There are 60 % Always put Mobile on the silent in the class I think this is better because students need to Concentration To understand what the teacher say And especially math and physics This material is very important or he has a test in the class . And also there are 16 % very often put Mobile on the silent in the class mathematical that he might forget or this class is not very important. And also there are 16 % sometimes put Mobile on the silent in the class Possible he have meeting in the class. Also there is 8 % never put Mobile on the silent in the class Confirmation It did not give any attention to any of the class .There are 60 % Always put Mobile on the silent in the class I think this is better because students need to Concentration To understand what the teacher say And especially mathematics and physics This material is very important or he has a test in the class . And also there are 16 % very often put Mobile on the silent in the class Possible that he might forget or this class is not very important. And also there are 16 % sometimes put Mobile on the silent in the class Possible he have meeting in the class. Also there is 8% never put Mobile on the silent in the class Confirmation It did not give any attention to any of the class.There are 20 % very little development the mobile phone to access the internet education matters Have Laptop there are 56 % little Using the mobile phone to access the internet education matters quietus is not enough There are 74% normal Using the mobile phone to access the internet education matters I think poring There are 12 % above normal Using the mobi le phone to access the internet education matters I think is very poring. There are 38% a lot using the mobile phone to access the internet education matters check website Attendance and grades material. There are 25 % very little using the mobile phone to access the internet social network networking net low at. . There are 12 % little using the mobile phone to access the internet social network Do not like a lot of friendship formation. There are 59 % normal using the mobile phone to access the internet social network sometimes busy. There are 61 % above normal using the mobile phone to access the internet social network Have relationships with people. There are 43 % lot using the mobile phone to access the internet social network is not doing anything. . There are 41% very little using the mobile phone to access the internet banking do not know how to use the service. There are 62% little using the mobile phone to access the internet banking do not need this service. There are 23 % normal using the mobile phone to access the internet banking Net on Mobile is weak. There are 32% above normal using the mobile phone to access the internet banking because they are footmen business. There are 32% a lot using the mobile phone to access the internet banking can transfer money from one account to account easily and Can guide card phones in a very short time. .There are 15 % very little using the mobile phone to access the internet gaming Do not like to play. There are 27% little using the mobile phone to access the internet gaming unblemished the battery quickly. There are 60% normal using the mobile phone to access the internet gaming they have a lot of time. There are 26% above normal using the mobile phone to access the internet gaming Search is faster on some games. There are 72% a lot using the mobile phone to access the internet gaming Love the games at any time and have time for that much. There are 19% very little using the mobile phone to access the inter net browsing Costing high enough. There are 36% little using the mobile phone to access the internet browsing Posted unavailable in all places. There are 36% normal using the mobile phone to access the internet browsing whether there nothing necessary. There are 18% above normal using the mobile phone to access the internet browsing have much free time. There are 91% a lot using the mobile phone to access the internet browsing because the provision of time and you can browse the Internet at any times there is a network of net found.There are 49 percent agree that communicate for educational purposes daily less than 30 minutes could be in charge of a project and I want to take some information from someone. There are 32.50 percent agree that communicate for educational purposes daily 30 minutes to 1 hour If there is an issue not understand, and I want one to me. There are 18.50 percent agree that communicate for educational purposes daily more than 1 hour If there was a graduation pr oject.There are 27percent very little use short massages as a communication method because it means tired. There are 19percent little use short massages as a communication method because it is an old means of communication. There are 27percent normal use short massages as a communication method I think their mother have a balance in the mobile. There are 11percent above normal use short massages as a communication method to learn the English language. There are 5percent very much use short massages as a communication method do not like to waste time to speak in non-beneficial.The pie chart above indicates the division for number of FOE student who use the mobile phones cameras for educational purposes. As the graph showing that more than half the FOE students uses their mobile phones camera for education purposes. On the other hand the part of the student that not using the mobile phones camera is almost half which make both percentages close. The percentage of the students that a re using the camera for education is 51% because of the new high resolution cameras that comes now a day in most of mobile phones in which allows the students to photograph the whiteboard if they didnt have the time to take notes and copy them at the time that he want, however the rest also high percentage and its because some of the students may not have a camera in their mobile phones or it could be that the camera that they have is not that high to take clear photo for what they need to document.As the new technology in the mobile phone in which give the student the ability to use the internet in the mobile phones at any time we want. The pie chart above shows that most students dont access the internet throws their mobile phones, however the chart above indicates that the percentage of the internet users is not bad. The high percentage of the students who are not using the internet because the mobile phones that have the ability to connect to the world wide web and has a built-i n Wi-Fi are more expansive than the ordinary mobile phones, and some students dont use it because of the small mobile screen so they prefer the PC or the laptops to access the internet.The mobile phones signal should be blocked in the class rooms to minimize the disturbs. The bar graph shows that most of the students disagree with this idea. next the lowest percentage who are nether agree or disagree, after that there is a respective %age of the students whom agreeing with the idea. Most of the student disagrees because they may be needed by a friend is case of an emergence, and other agrees because of the disturb that the mobile phones causes in the class rooms when of the students mobile phone rings. The signal shouldnt be block all the time in the case of any emergence as most students thinks.

Substance Abuse Prevention Program

Substance mistreat Pr chargetion ProgramSubstance exclaim is a undecomposed problem. It can cause a lot of problems in peoples day to day functioning. Problems of spunk maltreat can be correlated to family problems, health problems, trail problems and also occupational problems. Bigger problems lay within girlishs that perplex ticker smear problems. Substance abomination of teenages amongst the be ons of 12 to 17 has increased to 11.4%. This data was gathered in 1997 from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration. Their data also presented an increase from 2.2% to 3.8% between the ages of 12 to 13 years old (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration, 1999). Therefore it is to be said that midpoint sh break is becoming more relevant at younger ages as fourth dimension progresses. According to the National Institution of Health, the abuse of Ecstasy has increased in 12th graders from 3.0% to 4.5% and has also increased in 10th grades from 2.4% to 3.5% between the years of 2005 to 2007. Hansen and Ponton indicated that adolescent danger behavior of the use of intoxicant, tobacco, and other medicines will only get worse in the future. Adolescents that continue to abuse totalitys often experience a outlet of problems. A nonher contentedness that adolescents ar increasingly abusing is inebriant in which 40.9% of 10th graders reported they had been drunk in the past year. According to the DSM-IV a substance abuse can be diagnosed if there is a continual pattern of substance use resulting in either failing to complete task such as school, work, or home, risking the harm of others by operating heavy machinery while under the influence. If the recurrent substance also creates legal problems by getting arrested or creates societal or interpersonal problems within a 12 month period is to be considered a substance abuse. Because of these dangerous affects this paper will focus on the taproom of substance abuse r ather than treating it.Negative ConsequencesAdolescents argon taking more risk than ever before. The consequences of these risks can encounter problems that affect their health, their lives, and their futures (Danish, 1997). Because of this early age of substance abuse more and more adolescents who atomic number 18 world treated are found to have more social and emotional problems (Fisher Harrison, 2000). maven determine consequence of a substance abuse is that it can negatively affect users health. Adolescents that are abusing illicit drugs increase their risk of death by suicide, homicide, accidents and illness (McCaig, 1995). The results of the drug abuse warning network study revealed that drug related emergencies increased by 17 % (McCaig, 1995). non only is the physical health perceived as a negative consequence but also the users mental health. Adolescent illegal drug use causes problems involving healthy psychological growth and functioning for a healthy lifestyle (B rook et al., 1998a).Substance abusers frequently leads to depression, increaseal lags, apathy, withdrawal and psychosocial dysfunctions (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992).Substance abusers can also develop a wide cluster of personality disorders. One personality disorder that is associated with adolescent substance abuse is conduct disorder (Stratton, 1998). Conduct disorder consist of behavior and emotional problems in adolescents. Adolescents with this disorder are viewed as bad or delinquents. They have a difficult time following the basic social and cultural norms and rules in which they behave in shipway that are considered socially unacceptable. (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992)Another consequence that is related to adolescent substance abuse has to do with the performance in academics. Hawkins, Catalano, and Miller (1998) cited research unveil that low levels of commitment to education and high truancy rates are related to an adolescent substance abuse. Truancies rat es are also know as inexcusable absences. Low commitment to school and inexcusable absents set up bigger problems for education in the future. These bigger problems include users producing low standings compared to their class and even dropping out of school. The school consequences are rattling serious to consider in the development of adolescents. Education is one aspect that dictates ones present and future feel of life. School dropout rates are highly correlated with adolescents that have substance abuse problems (Crowe, 1998). It is important to understand the different causes of the negative personal effects from a substance abuse. The more knowledge we know the better chance we have to prevent it.CauseOne cause that can make an adolescent vulnerable to initiate abusing substances at an early age could be due to social influences. Instead of only looking at the individual for explanations of the cause/origin of adolescent substance abuse it is also important to consider th e social influences in which adolescents are sur travel by as an important causal contribution. Chau-Kiu Cheung and John Wing-Ling (2008) had conducted a study concerning the impact of social influences of adolescent substance abuse. Their study was directed to demonstrate how social influences, such as social encouragement and support are relevant to a cause of a substance abuse (Cheung and Ling, 2003). An adolescent is more in all likelihood or at capaciouser risk of substance abuse when the adolescent is helpless due to contextual unhappiness (Patterson, 1999). From the results of Cheung and Lings study (2003), found a main interaction between social influences and contextual unhappiness. When extraneous social influences carry in an adolescent while they are unhappy, can create a vulnerability to abuse a substance (Cheung and Ling, 2003). Adolescents being stressed combined with an external social influence (encouragement support) also creates a vulnerability to cause a sub stance abuse (Cheung and Ling, 2003). The overall findings from Chau-Kiu Cheung and John Wing-Lings study (2008) shows that external forces play an important role in an adolescent substance abuse. These external forces lay in lines of our environment (peers, family members, and others) and are a huge contributor to the cause of a substance abuse.The findings from the previous study suggested that our environment is a causal factor to substance abuse. To better understand why our environment possess condition to substance abuse, we call for to determine what aspects, domains, or settings project adolescents at risk for becoming substances abusers. Settings that include risk factor can include families, peer groups, schools, and your community. The more risk factors that adolescents are exposed to, the more likely the shaver will abuse a substances. (Hawkins and Spoth, 2001)Risk factors that appear in a family setting converse around the levys. what is more the risk factors revo lve around parental active roles of supervision and appear in family situation (Kumpfer, Olds, Zucker,1998). For example, if there is a lack of attachment or nurturing between the parent/caregiver while that adolescent is developing. A number of investigators have shown that a close and mutually warm bond between the parent and the child is associated with less adolescent abusing drugs (Brook et al., 1993Schmidt et al., 1996). Also drug use by a parent or sibling has been found to cause a substance abuse (Conger and Rueter, 1996 Duncan et al., 1995 Kandel, 1990 Kazdin, 1987 Loeber and Dishion, 1983 Patterson et al., 1989). If a family member is or has abused a substance and if there is a poor relationship between the child and the parent will put adolescents at risk of a substance abuser (Brook et al., 1990, 1998b). Children that have used drugs were compared to kids that have not and were found to be three times more likely to have a family member who is or has abused a substance ( Brooks, La Rosa,Whiteman, Johnson, Montoya, 2000).In a study done by Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya (2000) did research examining family drug use, parent and child relationship, and environmental factors that contribute to a cause of a substance abuse. Strong parent and child relationships were found to decrease the chances of a substance abuse. In this study, parent-child relationship were described by support, identification, and non-conflict relationships. Results from the study (200) about parental identification suggest for a better internal representation of the produce will decrease the chances of a substance abuse. This means not only the mother but the father has to spend more time with the child sweet in his or her life. This creates a close mutual relationship that will allow the child to admire his or her parental figure as a role model according to Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya (2002). Another aspect of the parent-child relationship was fo und to decreased a substance abuse was the amount of time the parent spends with his or her child. Furthermore by parents not having a close mutual relationship and not engaging with the child will create a risk factors for a substance abuse. Overall this research presented by Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya (2000) demonstrated that parental drug use and poor parent child relationships are mention risk components to developing a substance abuse. (Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya, 2002)Environmental causes outside of the family home setting can decrease the chances of a substance abuse (Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya, 2002). For instance, by having children attend to church regularly. Church can teach morals, values, and give guidance about life. Brooks, La Rosa,Whieman, Johnson and Montoya (2000) also hit on the importance of propinquitys being a component of an environmental cause. Neighborhoods that are found to have violence, drug availabi lity, low familism and non regular attendance to church will increase the chance of causality of a substance abuse.Like I mentioned previously there is more than one domain or setting that can cause an adolescent being carryd in substance abuse. Not only can the family play apart in the causality of developing a substance abuse but also schools. Instead of blaming the victim we can put blame on our school systems. For example, the class rooms adolescents are attending to might not be conducting good schoolroom behavior or good social acquisitions. These skills play a big role in the developmental process of an adolescent. This leaves kids very vulnerable to external forces from the classroom. Not only can the classroom be the problem but the school itself. Schools offer a lot of social activity and interactions. While being at school adolescent are at risk of associate and becoming involved with adolescent that have a substance abuse problem. This also opens up new doors for the availability of getting a hold of drugs quantity and variety. (NIDA, 2001)Pervious interventionAlthough there are a variety of types of treatments that show positive effects for a substance abuse. I want to focus on preventing a substance abuse and not blame the victim. Some adolescent substance abuse curriculums have attempted school based approaches, community approaches, and family based approaches.Pervious school based drug prevention course of studys have focused on tutelary factors of social influences on drug abuse. Some have been successful by delaying the use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs for adolescents in fondness school. Programs that have been targeted toward middle school have been found to miss the importance of the transition phase from middle school to high school. It is important to set prevention designs to gear in to adolescents that are making this transition phase. (Lynskeyet al., 2003)Another problem with previous prevention programs (ALERT) foun d that their programs affect boys more that girls. The cause of this problem still remains unknown (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007).The acoustic projection ALERT program was focused on middle school students. This programmed aimed its principles to motivate youthfulness against using drugs and develop skills for resistance behavior. Project ALERT used small group activities and used techniques to examine questions and answers. These are important components to an effective program (Tobler, 1992). Pervious trials of the ALERT program have produced positive results, but they found room for improvement. Their new program called ALERT convinced(p) is based off the same fundamental principles of their old program however, they have made changes to address problems. The ALERT PLUS added changes to focus on developmental changes during the transition phase of middle school to high school. Developmental changes can affect opportunities and motivation to drug use (Longshore , Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007). These developmental changes include friendship networks and dating opportunities. Overall, the new program goals were to strengthen norms against drug use, help students cope with drug situation, and learn ways to quit. Furthermore they wanted to have a better educational system for teaching students consequences of drug and cope with emotional stress. (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007)Pervious results from their old program were able to prevent and reduce marihuana and tobacco in 8th grade students. However the program was not able to help students how have already smoked cigarettes. Also the old program only affected alcohol use in the short-run and not long-run. Therefore the PLUS program strengthened their lessons to improve education on alcohol use and was designed to help those who have already smoked more than one cigarette. (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007)The results of the ALERT PLUS program showed significant improvements. Girls in the PLUS program reported start out rates of weekly alcohol use. Girls in the plus program were compared to girls in the original program showing a reduction of alcohol by 32%. Reductions were also found in marijuana use by 49%. Another important finding that contributed to the new program was the gain ground of alcohol consequences and high risk alcohol use all showing improvements. (Longshore, Ellickson, McCaffrey, Clair, 2007).Other programs mostly rely on school teachers and police officers to educate the youth during school time. In my opinion they never left enough time that adolescents need to be well educated/rounded on substance abuse.This abutting prevention program created by Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, (2002) set its principles on family based substance abuse prevention. This program offers skills that are directed toward parents. These skills are designed to increase family confabulation and bonding. Skills in this direction will decr ease the chances of an adolescent substance abuse. The families in Action (FIA), includes techniques for a stronger parent-child communication, positive behavior management, ways of interacting among the family, factors for school achievements, and education on substance abuse. These were designed to create a better overall relationship. (Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, 2002)The FIA programs goal was to increase resiliency and protective factors within the family. The program was aimed toward children who are entering middle school. This prevention took place between 1994 to1995. It involved 37 children and 38 parents. The program involved once a week sessions for six consecutive weeks. The session went no longer than 2.5hrs. (Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, 2002)Families were measured on three different accounts for pre and post data. They were measured on family cohesion, family communication, and family fights. Cohesion was measured by the family environment scale on a nine point rating. Family communication was also measured on a nine point scale by participants indications the number of times they had different behavioural patterns. (Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, 2002)There were no significant finding presented between children in the FIA program when compared to a baseline group. However, the parents produced an important finding when compared to the comparison group. Parents in the FIA program had lower scores on attitudes toward tobacco, an appropriate age to drink at, and family cohesion. (Abbey, Pilgrim, Hendrickson, Buresh, 2002)Program DescriptionBecause substance abuse is becoming active at earlier and earlier ages as the time goes on, it is important to start prevention early in a childs life. What is needed is more uniform and long term adolescent substance abuse prevention that stays associated and involved with children during their courses of development. The program ineluctably to be agreeable by reaching out to where ado lescent spend most of their time. This adolescent substance abuse program includes educations and developmental skills across the family and school settings.Because substance abuse can affect ones academics, physical and mental health and ones future, it is important to start prevention as early as 8 years old. For prevention to start this early prevention needs to be focused on families and more so on parents. One leading cause to a substance abuse is having a family history or a parent who was chemically aquiline. Family members who were chemically dependent put their child to be genetically vulnerable to a substance abuse (Kumpfer, 1999). The first step of prevention is to get the parents to be well rounded and educated on drugs and substance abuse. Parents need to become aware of the origins of substance abuse. Meaning they need to know the causes and effects of a substance abuse. A great way for parents to become educated is to take part in neighborhood leader groups. Leader g roups offer a great opportunity for getting and grown input and output. This also leads to another important prevention aspect in the family setting. Getting involved and paying attention to the child is important. Parents need to become very active when it comes to supervising. Staying involved with your child will heighten protective factors to outweigh the risk factors. Parental involvement is a crucial ingredient to preventing a substances abuse. engagement doesnt entirely mean being around the kid when he/she is at home. Parents need to reach out past the home setting. A great skill for prevention is to get involved with your childrens interest. This can include friends, activities and their fantasies like a crampfish/role model. This is why it is important to take part in neighborhood leader groups. It gives the chance to know your childs friends and their families. Becoming aware of who their friends are, where they come from, and getting to know the parents makes for a v ery strong and effective way for staying involved and having a tight relationship. Getting to know your childs interest can really make a positive impact on the child and is a great skill for prevention. For example, take your childs favorite superhero/role model and exemplify a new anti drug message once a week that has consequence toward that hero or role model. Parents being educated, staying involved with the childs interest and having good supervising skills offers a big part in keeping this prevention program consistent and long-term.Because it is important to keep the program consistent and long term in the development of the child, education and skills need to be implemented at school settings. At this point schools offer more risk factors than protective factors for substance abuse. Because of this window of risk factors and because schools take part in a big section of development of children prevention needs to be enforced. Most school systems do not seem to be aware of t he severity of negative effects of a substance abuse. This is apparent because of how high dropout rates are correlated to substance abuse in which rates are only going up. Instead of school systems only setting aside 15-20 minutes for drug awareness assemblies, school need to set aside more time for children just as their parents. In doing so the school systems have to change their academic system. They need to implement a full education class three days a week. Instead of the children just sitting in the class room and listening to the teacher, the class is going to involve a lot of participation. This participation will not only involve inside the classroom but will also take part as an extracurricular active outside of the school. By giving children extra actives to do outside and inside of school, will lessen the chance of them becoming involved with children that already have a substance abuse problem and take apart from the availability of drugs. Inside the classroom teacher s will be instructed to keep kids well rounded on types of drugs, health effects, academic affect, behavior affects and what a substance abuse can lead you to, like in the juvenile system. Activities inside the class room will be meant for participation toward learning coping skills, emotional enclose skills and social skills. Because this program is constructed to be long term and consistent, inside school classes and the extracurricular activities need to be practiced and implemented into school academic invoice systems and not just as a brief assembly or an announcement.The extracurricular actives outside of school are going to involve children reaching out into their communities beyond the school and family settings. This component to the program will stay active throughout the whole year and the summer so transition phases are not in effect. These activities will involve children from schools giving educational seminars in public place around their community. They will take w hat they have learned from inside the classroom and propose anti drug messages consistently across their community. Seminars will include places such as libraries, parks, beaches, neighborhoods, churches and shopping centers. Unlike other program this program needs to stay consistent and long-term through the stage of development. That is why this program is implemented into the family, school and beyond.In summary, this educational and skills substance abuse prevention program will strengthen the protective factors and weaken the risk factors of a substance abuse. For this program to be affective it has to take place in our families and school staying consistent and long term. All the aspects of family and school settings combine to create a chance of involvement of socializing creating strong relationship in a positive direction for being substance free. By having the protective factors outweigh the risk factors we can stop this continual pattern of adolescent substance abuse.

Causes of Stalking and Experiences

Causes of Stalking and ExperiencesStalking is an issue that affects 1.5 million concourse to each one year. While women argon commonly the general target, men tooshie become victims of pale yellowers as advantageously. Stalkers sh atomic number 18 similar traits, each of which fuel what they do. Often quantifys a stoolies motives ar as easily profi direct as their traits. Stalkers commonly share similar record characteristics as well as drives for doing what they do (Michele, 2002). Stalking has been around since the beginning of time. manpower and women alike shake off been accused of such a shame because they either layaboutt get it out of their head that the other mortal does not essential to rent anything to do with them, or they are just obsessed with a stranger. It is just recent that the UK Government has decided to make chaff a crime in it self. This type of crime was labelled as harassment, annoyance, or house servant furiousness. It wasnt until the 80s an d 90s that stalk cases were brought to the attention of the media and high political policy makers (Michele, 2002).DiscussionMany stalkers are loners. Because of the lack of other descents, they become gravely attached to the idea of possessing a consanguinity with the psyche who they are stem (Paul, 2000). In umteen cases, the lack of competency to form relationships starts at a young age. Some stalkers are neglected by their parents, and in turn are unable to form attachments with other plenty later on in behavior. This causes them to be extremely lonely, which is a main characteristic of a stalker. This lack of individualized relationships, combined with a low self-consciousness creates a feeling of worthlessness (Michele, 2002). They feel like without a connection with the person they are husk, they have no purpose in life. This is one reason for around celebrity stalk. The idea of establishing a connection with a person of high status becomes magic spelling, bec ause these stalkers believe that they will acquire a higher direct of importance. When this does not happen, stalkers can often become extremely angry, heretofore violent toward that person. Frustration builds up, and they do not know how to give care with the situation. This can sometimes baksheesh to stalker related deaths.A common characteristic shared by most stalkers is their lack of anxiety, and even shame in a stalk scenario (Paul, 2000). In most situations, a person would be absolutely beyond embarrassed to be caught snooping around in another(prenominal) persons personal belongings. Rummaging through someones garbage in order to pass personal information would be so inappropriate that the average person would not even consider it. Beyond that, if they were, in fact, caught in the act, most people would be completely mortified. Stalkers, on the other hand, do not think this way. No act is too out of line. Stalkers see it as an attempt to gain the love of the person th at they are stalking. These people seem to be immune to anxiety and discomfort, and in turn they have no flurry continuing in their pursuit.Some of the tasks that are carried out by stalkers are quite serious. Stalkers need way to a greater extent intelligence than one would assume that they have. hardly although many of them have mental disorders, most stalkers are much smarter than the average person. Obtaining information about a person is not usually the easiest task, but stalkers whitethorn go as far as changing jobs in order to do so. Stalkers sometimes learn how to tap into phone conversations, hack into computers, and spend thousands of dollars to find a particular person, or information about that person.Psychologists have long puzzled over the way in which individuals may act differently in identical situations, resulting in various strands of personality theory to have emerged within the realm of psychology each attempting to explain personality traits at various level s , these being experimental, psychometric and clinical (Michele, 2000). Butt (2004) notes how Eysencks theory although presented as a clinical approach to chthonicstanding individual difference, was fundamentally rooted within the psychometric customs duty which emerged from within the mainstream paradigm in the early twentieth century. Most famously to appear from this era was the Likert scale- a graded style response questionnaire which had been engineered for attitude measurement. For Eysenck and psychometric testing aided the process of assessing and predicting individual levels and likelihood of extroversion or neuroticism by reducing dimensions of personality ranging on a bipolar scale from unstable to stable to either being classified as a typical extrovert or introvert. gibe to Eysneck the reduction of variables in personality traits to either extroversion or neuroticism could be biologically explained by differences in the cortical and autonomic arousal systems . Acco rding to Eysnecks Personality Inventory individuals who were sensed with introspective, quiet, reserved and generally unsociable traits were classified as having a high N score whilst those who appeared optimistic, talkative, sociable and outgoing were prescribed a high E score. This lies in contrast to Eysencks model of a fixed personality which appears to be un change by external circumstance . In addition, Salmons re- working and application of theories in the context of educational learning has shown how her intervention of the Salmon Line provides a basis for facilitating change (Jens, 2008). Salmons intentions in developing the Salmon Line were aimed at providing a tool that could stretch beyond diagnostic model and assist the learning process. The success of technique has been attributed to the ways in which behaviour change and learning is heighten through eliciting pupils and teachers experiences and identifying areas of conflict and collaboration. The approach is rich in subjective experience captivating the diversity that exists amongst individuals and allowing for reflexivity in its approach. In summary for PCT theorists, differences in personality is viewed as a reflection of the complex ways in which individuals build constructions of their world rather than a simply reflection of innate biological burdens. Having contrasted Eysnecks theory with others people shall now explore to what use and purposes such theories can apply as well as their validity in either upholding an agency-structure dualistic approach or pursuit to dissolve it (Jens, 2008).Stalkers often as well as possess the ability to manipulate friends and family members of the person who they are stalking (Thomas, 2003). They will find ways to trick the people into giving away information about the person they are harassing. This involves a higher level of intelligence than that of an average person. Often, people who stalk celebrities suffer from a condition called erotomania , which is also known as de Clerambaults syndrome. Stalkers fall deeply in love with a person and in their own mind, that person is in love with them as well. Stalkers will watch the actions of the person very closely, and even if they have never met the person before in their life, they believe that that person is in love with them as well. Stalkers may dream up an entire relationship, such as Margaret Ray did when she told people that she was David Lettermans wife. Not only did she claim to be married to Letterman, but one day she showed up at his house carrying a baby which she demanded was his (Letterman stalker killed by train in apparent suicide)(Thomas, 2003).sometimes people will stalk celebrities simply because they desire the fame and status of those people. Michael Lewittes article Serial Celebrity Daters describes the lives of Lisa Chiafullo and Jennifer Young-two girls who are obsessed with being obsessed (Joseph, 2001). Each of these girls began date the stars at youn g ages. While Jennifer grew up in luxury in Beverly Hills, Lisa was on welfare and in bad financial shape. While Jennifer enjoyed the high life and luxury of dating celebrities, Lisa sometimes counted on meals, shelter and money from celebrities to keep her head above water. The desire is summed up perfectly by Lisa (Joseph, 2001). She always precious to be somebody so if she couldnt be somebody she wanted to date someone who was. This type of thinking is what causes many fans to turn into fanatics. They obsessed over people simply because of whom they are and how famous they are.Stalking is not only limited to celebrities, however average people are in danger of being stalked just as well (Thomas, 2003). In the case of simple obsession stalkers, victims arent chosen based on celebrity status or popularity, rather their foregone relationships with the stalker. Simple obsession stalkers harass people who they have been involved with in previous relationships, most of the time the vi ctim puts an end to the relationship, which seems to be tragic to the stalker. Suddenly, the stalker feels that his or her life has been destroyed, and that they simply cannot live without having that person back. The cerebrate behind the stalking is that they feel like they have no self worth in the world and that its a necessity to have the person back in order to regain their identity and power that they once had. The person falls into a deep state of denial, refusing to accept the idea that they will have to go on in life without that person.Stalking is not always based on positive feelings and desire to by love. Some people stalk to seek revenge or simply out of pure hatred for a person. sometimes stalking can extend in the workplace. A large number of murders due to stalking are carried out by people who have deep been fired from a job and who want to get revenge on the person who fired them. Psychotherapists sometimes become targets of stalking as well. They are severely h arassed by former patients of theirs. Dissatisfaction, anger, and hatred are a few reasons that can fuel stalkers to harass and sometimes abuse- or even kill their victims (Thomas, 2003). taking charge and admitting there is a home(prenominal) abuse problem is the key to starting to take back ones life, but the wakeless system must also be utilized to ensure individual rights are preserved and protected (Joseph, 2001). While great strides have been made in recent years to modulate laws and educate judges on how to enshroud domestic rage cases effectively, there is still work to be done. Some domestic violence cases have languished in district circuit homages for years. Because there are weak justices and numerous loop holes in the written law, there are criminals who will return to society un-rehabilitated seeking revenge or to target another to abuse.The feminist movement during the 1970s fundamentally changed societys attitude towards domestic violence (Logan, 2006). Women who formerly had been battered and abused create services for domestic violence victims. They also lobbied for government support of these services and raised awareness of domestic violence. Since then, numerous changes have taken place to address the problem of domestic violence. Class action lawsuits and civil-damage suits forced law enforcement agencies to revise their policies and adapt processes to better address domestic violence. Domestic violence incidents were, in many states, established as crimes against the state, resulting in the victim no longer having to press charges. Law enforcement officers today are often trained on how to respond to domestic violence incidents. The medical community also felt the need to act in response to domestic violence. In Delaware, for example, the Delaware Coalition against Domestic Violence unneurotic with Delawares medical community and the Domestic Violence Coordinating Council (DVCC) developed a manual for healthcare providers addres sing how to respond to domestic violence (Stephen, 2002). The DVCC also trains hospitals and clinics, patrol officers, prosecutors, juridic officers, court personnel, executives, faith-based personnel, social workers, advocates, probation officers, and therapists throughout the First State on domestic violence.While most laws pertaining to domestic violence are on the state level, the national government also responded to domestic violence. For example, it is a federal offence to travel from one state to another to commit domestic violence or to force an indicate partner to cross state lines in an attempt to commit domestic violence. Additionally, the federal government passed interstate stalking legislation making it a federal offence to cross state lines in an attempt to stalk a victim, and also barred offenders from carrying and owning weapons. The Violence against Women Act (VAWA) farther protects victims of domestic violence and provides funding for services. VAWA also requi res that the victim, if so desired, be heard at a bail hearing with regard to the danger posed by the defendant. VAWA also stipulates that the victim be reimbursed for costs occurred to the victim in obtaining a restraining order and other costs connected to a domestic violence conviction. Another important font of VAWA is the ability for battered and abused spouses and children of citizens and lawful permanent residents to self-petition for independent legal residency. Before VAWA, immigrant victims had to fear deportation when leaving an abusive relationship (Logan, 2006).Since the late 1970s, states took an active voice role in domestic violence prevention. About a third of domestic violence outreach and services are funded from state level (Stephen, 2002). Most states have laws that allow prosecutors to charge abusers without having to involve the victim. Many times victims are no longer are required to testify against their abusers. In 1997, a total of cardinal states and the nations capital had mandatory arrest laws on the books that required law enforcement to make an arrest if there is evidence of an entrancement. Even more states encouraged such arrests. A 1984 study showed that arresting abusers lowered the re-arrest rate within the next 6 months for domestic violence to 10%. however, more studies are needed to replicate these findings (Stephen, 2002).According to the study, most intimate partner abuse is not reported to law enforcement, making it difficult to know exactly how many men and women are abused. single about 20 percent of all rapes, 25 percent of physical enthralls, and 50% of stalking incidents against women were reported to law enforcement. The number of victimizations of men by intimate partners reported to practice of law is even smaller. A general belief that the police cannot help or would not do anything keeps victims from reporting abuse or stalking incidents (Stephen, 2002).Many positions related to domestic violence are h eld by social workers. Social workers often help clients build s support system by referring them to resources they need and by helping them gain access to such services. Social workers may also be involved in crisis and long term way to help victims make significant decisions. Additionally, social workers may develop and co-lead support groups for victims, lobby on a national or state level for funding, and run advocacy work. Advocacy work may include fund raising, training, explaining domestic violence, speaking to the media about domestic violence, developing materials to give to battered women, and community education. These are only a few of the essential functions performed by social workers in the domestic violence field.In 1993, following the murder of a woman by her ex-lover, who violently harassed her in breach of a protection order before killing her , the New South Wales Parliament responded by enacting a recognize offence of Stalking which is now part of the Crimes A ct. Stalking is fill that is harassing or threatening, directed at a person with the intention to cause intimidation or fear. It is a form of non-physical violence, causing psychological and emotional abuse (Logan, 2006). The awakening of concern about this type of behaviour was caused by its prevalence in domestic violence cases. Firstly, the nature of the offence of stalking makes it inappropriate to prosecute under the current law of criminal assault. Related to this is the severe impact that stalking behaviour inflicts on its victims.The current law of assault is simply not broad enough to deal with the complexities that arise from an offence such as stalking. Assault is an act, which designedly or recklessly causes another to apprehend immediate and unlawful personal violence, charged under s61 of the Crimes Act. At the essence of the offence of assault is a indispensability that the threat created by the offender must cause a fear of imminent violence in the victim. Stalki ng involves guinea pigs where a person does not explicitly threaten their victim but silently follows them around or sits outside their dwelling. When placed in this context, such behaviour is dangerous beyond its immediate significance. Although, it is difficult to charge this as assault since it is not sufficient that the threat raises apprehension that violence will be inflicted at some time in the future.The softness to prosecute an offence that is of a similar nature to stalking under the law of assault was apparent in the case of Knight. Knight had made a series of phone calls threatening to kill or injure those involved his prior conviction, including a policeman, a magistrate and to a judge who later dismissed his appeal (Logan, 2006). On appeal to the Court of whitlow Appeal, his conviction for these offences was quashed on the basis that the requirement of a threat of immediate violence was not satisfied. Even though his behaviour caused fear and was dangerous, it fell s hort of the necessary accuses and hence could not be sanctioned under the law of criminal assault (Paul, 2000).Alternatively, the case of Ireland demonstrates an instance where an offence with characteristics that can be likened to stalking was successfully prosecuted under assault. The accused had proceeded to harass a woman whom he had a prior social relationship with, by making both silent and abusive phone calls, frequenting her place of work and home and taking photographs of the victim and her family. While fearful of personal violence the victim was also diagnosed with suffering a severe depressive illness. The offenders behaviour amounted to assault. This reasoning was founded on the fact that the victims fear of the caller arriving at her door could be seen as imminent since he may be making the calls in close proximity to her home and able to arrive at her door within minutes. However the legal reasoning in this case, has been criticised for being rather artificial by stre tching assault beyond its natural legal meaning. As shown in Knight, most stalking cases are not suitable for prosecution under the elements of criminal assault.The main area of assault also poses difficulty for the prosecution of stalking. It is constituted by intention to either affect an unlawful contact or to create an apprehension of imminent unlawful contact in the mind of the victim (Larry, 2000). condescension that the common law of assault is now more accommodating to the offence of stalking, through developing an interpretation of harm to include psychiatric as well as physical injury (Logan, 2006). It is still difficult to invoke the imminence requirement in both of most stalking cases where the threat of harm is lengthened rather than immediate (Sandra, 2007). Therefore, there is more rationale in treating stalking as a separate offence with its own specific elements rather than distorting the elements of assault to accommodate for the manifestations of stalking.The wi de-ranging and severe impact of stalking further necessitates the need for a separate offence of stalking to deal with this crime. The psychological responses caused by stalking such as anxiety, fear, paranoia and often symptoms of post- traumatic stress disorder have been acknowledged in a study as emotions induced by stalkers. This investigate has found that 94% of victims have made changes to lifestyle patterns such as temporary or permanent relocation, changing personal contact information and even identities. Perhaps more compelling is that victims of a recent psychopathological study indicated that they might have coped better with more tangible damage of physical assault than with a stalkers constant intrusion and menace (Paul, 2000).Furthermore, stalking is often a precursor to severe and fatal physical violence as demonstrated in the case of Thomas v Burk. In this instance the applicator had been in a previous relationship with the complainant. After they separated, the c omplainant experienced many incidents of stalking such as receiving harassing telephone calls at work and being followed on a vacation trip. These incidents eventually escalated to physical abuse when on one occasion, the applicant stroked the complainant with such force across the face with an open hand that it caused injury to her eye. This is one of many cases that reflect the statistic that 80% of women who report being stalked by an intimate partner are eventually physically assaulted (Sandra, 2007). It therefore becomes apparent that there is a need to take hindrance action. Such as prosecuting this behaviour under an offence of stalking at its early stage, rather than waiting until the situation amplifies and the victim is physically assaulted and only then taking action by prosecuting for assault.Sexual Harassment is defined as a continuum of behaviours that intimidate, demean, humiliate or coerce (Diane, 2006). These behaviours range from the subtle forms that can accumula te into a ill working, learning, or worshipping environment to the most severe forms of stalking, assault or rape. For many businesses, preventing sexual harassment, and defending its managerial employees from sexual harassment charges, has become key goals of legal decision making. In contrast, many scholars complain that sexual harassment in education remains a forgotten secret, with educators and administrators refusing to admit the problem exist in their schools, or accept their legal and ethical responsibilities to deal with it. Previously stalking behaviour has been prosecuted as offensive conduct under s4 of the Summary Offences Act. An artificial reasoning was drawn by the courts that stalking was offensive from the fact that it was continued or repeated. While offensive conduct carries a light maximum penalty of terzetto months this may be satisfactory for minor instances of stalking but it is a clearly an inappropriate reflection of the magnitude of behaviour that amount s to intimidation and harassment. The protracted nature of stalking and the serious implications on its victims necessitates the need for a specific offence of stalking with its own appropriate penalty in order to capture the harshness of the offence. This is arguably more effective than collapsing this offence into the category of offensive conduct or treating it as criminal assault. The offender would then, also have to bear the patsy of being labelled a stalker (Larry, 2000).In 2006 study on sexual harassment at colleges and universities, it was reported that 62% of fe young-begetting(prenominal) college students and 61% of male college students report having been sexually harassed at their university, with 80% of the reported harassment being peer-to-peer. Fifty-one percent of male college students admit to sexually harassing someone in college, with 22% admitting to harassing someone often or occasionally (Diane, 2006). Thirty-one percent of female college students admitted t o harassing someone in college. Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances. The harasser can be anyone, such as a supervisor, a client, a co-worker, a teacher or professor, a student, a friend, or a stranger. The victim does not have to be the person directly harassed but can be anyone who finds the behaviour offensive and is affected by it. While adverse effects on the victim are common, this does not have to be the case for the behaviour to be unlawful. The victim can be a male or female. The harasser can be male or female. The harasser does not have to be of the opposite sex. The harasser may be completely oblivious(predicate) that his or her behaviour is offensive or constitutes sexual harassment or may be completely unaware that his or her actions could be unlawful.There are however, some instances where a criminal sanction may not constitute an effective strategy of deterring further stalking even though the impact on the victim is traumatic. This mainly appli es to the category of stalkers classified as erotomaniacs who are mentally ill. It would be more appropriate to deal with these stalkers through the mental health system as they are impervious to judicial sanctions and thus require assertive psychiatric management. The inefficacy of using stalking legislation to punish a perpetrator who has a psychiatric condition was illustrated in the case of Strong v The Queen. The appellant had been sentenced to imprisonment for the offence of stalking a female contrary to s562ABof the Crimes Act 1900(NSW) (Paul, 2000). Whilst serving his sentence in prison, the accused began writing sexually suggestive letters to another female with whom he had no prior relationship. After his rel silence, he continued with his stalking behaviour by following and watching her and subsequently moved to live opposite her home. This conduct became the basis of another substantive charge of stalking for which he was again imprisoned. On appeal of this conviction th e issue was raised that he had been diagnosed with suffering symptoms of psychosis. The Criminal Court of Appeal agreed that in cases such as this, the offenders condition should be managed under mental health legislation rather than sanctioned under the criminal law. This case demonstrates the inability of the criminal law to deter psychiatrically ill stalkers as the rate of recidivism of people in this category suggests. However, it is important to note that the volume population of stalkers are from the intimate category of non- psychotic ex partners and are not mentally ill at the time of committing the offence.Courts can issue an compass Domestic Violence Order under s562AE of the Crimes Act 1900(NSW) or an Apprehended Personal Violence Order under s562AI of the Crimes Act 1900(NSW). Unfortunately this method of relations with stalking offences is often criticised for having little effect on serious obsessive behaviours exhibited by some offenders. A recent study has shown t hat after issuance of an compass violence order, stalking and physical violence was reduced in the scratch six months only to reoccur in over half the cases of women who undertook the study. This shows that these orders are an inappropriate long-term prevention tool. Helen Katzen reported in her study that of the 22,556 apprehended violence orders granted in New South Wales in 1998, 9,647 breaches were recorded by the police (Joseph, 2001). The ease with which these orders are breached and the fact that they are not taken seriously is reflected in the case of Long field v Glover. The appellant had been in a relationship with the complainant. When the relationship ended she obtained an apprehended domestic violence order, which prohibited the appellant contacting her. He disregarded this order and persisted calling her at home and at work, making threatening statements such as I control your life (Michele, 2002). Similarly in the case of R v Powell, the appellant had broken into t he victims premises in breach of an apprehended violence order and maliciously wounded her by stabbing her twice in the back. Both these cases demonstrate the inability of these orders to deter offenders which highlights how uneconomical a mechanism they, are for dealing with such behaviour.Furthermore, apprehended violence orders were found in many cases to be aggravating factors, which exacerbate the likelihood of violence (Paul, 2000). This was exemplified in the case of Igbinoba v Commissioner of New South Wales Police Service, where a court issuance of an apprehended domestic violence order aroused further anger in the defendant towards the complainant, which resulted in a threat being made towards her that he was going to get her (Paul, 2000). Shortly after receiving the order, the defendant started a campaign of harassment against her and physically assaulted her. Recent research shows that incarceration has a sobering effect on stalkers and allows them to adjust their lives . This supports the idea that a more preventative approach would be to immediately prosecute this behaviour under an offence of stalking with a prison sentence, rather than wait for breach of an order to occur by which time the situation may have escalated to a degree of violence.While, it is impractical to contain all stalking offences by criminalising them, it is also inefficient for the court to proceed with prosecuting minor nuisances under the stalking legislation. Many of these cases would not lead to any conviction due to the lack of the requisite intent necessary to instal the offence. In 1998, two example cases were given by the model criminal code committee where stalking legislation was used inappropriately (Joseph, 2001). In the first case a fourteen year old girl had stalked her teacher, by following him around school and singing a mocking vocal music about the teacher. In the later case Yugoslavian parents had stalked their teenage daughters because they had moved aw ay from home in violation of family traditions. These stalking incidents are more commonly known as conformist who is the stalking falls within the acceptable range of social behaviour rather than criminal stalking. Neither of these cases led to convictions. In circumstances such as these, applicants are more likely to succeed in obtaining apprehended violence orders since they would only be required to prove on the balance of probabilities, that they are in fear of the other person and that these fears could culminate into an act of personal violence or harassing conduct (Sandra, 2007).With advances in engineering science people see new and scary ways criminals commit crimes. With the introduction of cell phones and scanners years ago, criminals could listen to police radio traffic and see where and how we police were responding. No need for look outs, engineering became the look out. Now in the computer age people see crimes from identity theft and hacking into computers to steal personal and corporate confidential information to cyber stalking and sexual predating to cell phone cloning. Criminals have a whole new playground and the playground as technology advances (Lorraine, 2008). But technology is not just for criminals. Law enforcement agencies are using technology to make police work more effective and efficient. Also police and communities are also using technology to make their communities safer.Cyber stalking is described as the procedure or offense of deliberately and constantly irritating another person in situation that would cause a sensible person to panic harm or death because of articulated or obscured fears is a comparatively latest trouble. Annoying others over the Internet is a little that usually happens, but the word constantly placed in front of that report can make a huge distinction. If someone is causing a nescience that interferes with ones professional or individual life it is measured stalking. Catching the criminals of computer is the exhaust hood part. There are Computer Crime Stopper groups, hackers turned excellent, whose only intention and job is to track down and catch criminals of computer (Keith, 2002).Activity of trailing computer is a hard thing to do, particularly over the Internet. There is no track left for the criminal to be followed through. Generally the only things crime-stoppers have to go on are the IP addresses and telecommunication lines to trace to find the source of the signal, but the performer is generally long gone through the time authorities arrive. Anticipation is a vital part in defending the computers of these days. Through secure servers, which are particular c

Shifting Views on Native Americans in the Film, Dances With Wolves :: Movie Film Essays

Shifting Views on Native Americans in the Film, Dances With Wolves A wounded soldier lay on an exploit table. The scene is surely not that unusual. 150 years ago, the medical field dealt with gangrene and infections by amputating any wounded limb. Now John Dunbar finds himself in close the same situation. On a stroke of luck, as it would turn out, the doctor feels to tired to complete the operation on Dunbar and decides to finish for the day before fetching his leg off. In the moments that followed, a frustrated, confused and disillusioned Dunbar pulls his boots back on and stumbles back onto the battle field. Feeling like there is nothing left to active for, Dunbar mounts a horse and charges the stagnant enemy line, bringing the battle to full fledged combat. Though his original intent I feel was not to pass away the battle, save rather to end his life, he becomes a hero, seeing that he wasnt shot or wounded. His cowardly actions in a twist of fate, ironically arrive him as a decorated soldier. Due to his position, Dunbar was given the option to go where ever he wanted. This was a customary option for war heros of his time. Being the wild-eyed type, as depicted in the film, he requested to be sent out west to become a US marshal. He felt a calling to see the Old West before it was gone. Upon his assigning to his spot, it was understood that he was an Indian hunter. So, he was sent to a completely unmanned post in the west. Here is confronting with an interesting sequencing of events that would eternally change his life. The American Indians, in the eyes of virtually everyone moving west, were considered the enemy. I didnt get the impression that Dunbar or his change of location counterpart felt any differently as they the stopped and carefully and with concern, inspected a human skeleton with arrows in it. I also couldnt help but feel some comradery with them. Moments later, a band of Indians notice a cloud of smoke rising in the distance. We see th e paint and the scowls on their faces. They impression like everything Ive ever thought to be Indian. Savage, heartless, rough, mean and having no concept of rational. And sure enough, as the film would lead me to believe, the horrid Indian descends into the plains to find a white traveler cooking a meal.

Comparing the powerful experiences of, You Will Be Hearing Form Us Essa

Comparing the powerful experiences of, You Will Be Hearing Form Us in brief and Lucozade.The powerful experiences in both Lucozade and You Will Be HearingFrom Us Shortly are dramatic in their own ways. In YWBHFUS theinterviewee is the person you neglect sorry for because there aresarcastically being bullied, whereas in Lucozade the powerfulexperience is the death of her mother.The poem YWBHFUS sincerely makes interviewer means, he/she makes thevictim feel really embarrassed and ashamed by saying things likeMight they, Perhaps, find your appearance disturbing? This is veryrude question and if you are quite timid and embarrassed it does becomea rhetorical question. This type of question would really make theperson fell bad and put them on the defensive side, t...